"Global Conference on Primary Healthcare and Medicare", organized by the Pencis group. Primarycare Conference is offers a unique forum for participants to exchange knowledge and experience in the prevention of healthcare-associated infections and control of diseases around the world..
Tuesday, December 27, 2022
Reflections on the healthcare environment in 2022, and thoughts on the year ahead
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Reflections on the healthcare environment in 2022, and thoughts on the year ahead
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Wednesday, December 7, 2022
Tips for being an effective healthcare IT leader, in 2023 and beyond
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Tips for being an effective healthcare IT leader, in 2023 and beyond
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Thursday, December 1, 2022
How crowdsourcing can advance precision medicine programs
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How crowdsourcing can advance precision medicine programs
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Wednesday, November 30, 2022
Implementing 30-day post discharge medication reconciliation using FHIR
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Implementing 30-day post discharge medication reconciliation using FHIR
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Tuesday, November 22, 2022
A golden moment for telehealth depends on meeting the need for broadband
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A golden moment for telehealth depends on meeting the need for broadband
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Tuesday, November 1, 2022
Grand challenges and opportunities for patient-centered CDS
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Grand challenges and opportunities for patient-centered CDS
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Thursday, October 20, 2022
How health IT helped resettle more than 600 Afghan refugees
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How health IT helped resettle more than 600 Afghan refugees
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Monday, October 3, 2022
Lose the COVID-19 public health emergency, but keep the progress, says HIMSS GR director
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Lose the COVID-19 public health emergency, but keep the progress, says HIMSS GR director
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Tuesday, September 27, 2022
Lose the COVID-19 public health emergency, but keep the progress
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Lose the COVID-19 public health emergency, but keep the progress
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Monday, September 26, 2022
Agile practices – they’re not just for software development
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Agile practices – they’re not just for software development
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Monday, August 29, 2022
Building a resilient IT organization
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Building a resilient IT organization
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Friday, August 12, 2022
Visionary planning for IT modernization: The key to next-generation IT services
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Visionary planning for IT modernization: The key to next-generation IT services
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Thursday, August 4, 2022
The 4 mindsets that characterize great CIOs
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The 4 mindsets that characterize great CIOs
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Monday, July 18, 2022
Seeing through the security illusion
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Seeing through the security illusion
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Thursday, July 14, 2022
RO Model: IT strategies to help prepare for the data demands of CMS' new APM
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RO Model: IT strategies to help prepare for the data demands of CMS' new APM
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Monday, July 11, 2022
Healthcare's newest pivot: consumer identity as the cornerstone of digital health
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Healthcare's newest pivot: consumer identity as the cornerstone of digital health
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Tuesday, July 5, 2022
Sentient AI? Convincing you it’s human is just part of LaMDA’s job
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Sentient AI? Convincing you it’s human is just part of LaMDA’s job
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Tuesday, June 28, 2022
Opinion: It's time for Congress to change health privacy rules
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Opinion: It's time for Congress to change health privacy rules
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Friday, June 17, 2022
Will Oracle save the day with its EHR database?
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Will Oracle save the day with its EHR database?
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Monday, May 30, 2022
Global Conference on Primary Healthcare and Medicare
Inflammatory
Bowel Disease
People
with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) like Crohn’s disease and ulcerative
colitis have chronic intestinal inflammation. Symptoms include stomach cramps,
diarrhea and gas. Medications and surgery can help manage IBD flares, putting
the condition into remission.
What
is inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
Inflammatory bowel
disease (IBD) is a group of disorders that cause chronic inflammation (pain and
swelling) in the intestines. IBD includes Crohn’s disease and ulcerative
colitis. Both types affect the digestive system. Treatments can help manage
this lifelong condition.
How common is IBD?
Up to three million
Americans have some form of IBD. The condition affects all ages and genders.
IBD most commonly occurs between the ages of 15 and 30.
What are the types of IBD?
Crohn’s disease and
ulcerative colitis are the main types of IBD. Types include:
- Crohn’s disease causes pain and
swelling in the digestive tract. It can affect any part from the mouth to
the anus. It most commonly affects the small intestine and upper part of
the large intestine.
- Ulcerative colitis causes
swelling and sores (ulcers) in the large intestine (colon and rectum).
- Microscopic colitis causes
intestinal inflammation that’s only detectable with a microscope.
What’s the difference between inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
and irritable bowel syndrome (IBS)?
IBD is a
disease; IBS is a syndrome, or group of symptoms.
The causes and treatments are different.
IBS is a type of
functional gastrointestinal disease. It affects how the
bowels function, causing them to contract more (or sometimes less) often than
usual. IBS is also known as spastic colon or nervous stomach.
IBS doesn’t inflame or
damage the intestines like IBD, so imaging scans can’t detect it and it doesn’t
increase the risk of colon cancer. People with IBS rarely need hospitalization
or surgery.
Can you have IBD and IBS?
Yes, it’s possible to
have both IBD and IBS. While IBD can cause IBS symptoms, there’s no evidence
that having IBS increases your risk of IBD.
What causes IBD?
Researchers are still
trying to determine why some people develop IBD. Three factors appear to play a
role:
- Genetics: As many as 1 in 4 people
with IBD have a family history of the disease.
- Immune system response: The immune
system typically fights off infections. In people with IBD, the
immune system mistakes foods as foreign substances. It releases antibodies
(proteins) to fight off this threat, causing IBD symptoms.
- Environmental triggers: People with a family
history of IBD may develop the disease after exposure to an environmental
trigger. These triggers include smoking, stress, medication use
and depression.
What are IBD symptoms?
IBD symptoms can come
and go. They may be mild or severe, and they may appear suddenly or come on
gradually. Periods of IBD symptoms are IBD flares. When you don’t have
symptoms, you’re in remission.
IBD symptoms include:
- Abdominal (belly) pain.
- Diarrhea (sometimes
alternating with constipation) or urgent need to poop (bowel
urgency).
- Gas and bloating.
- Loss of appetite
or unexplained weight loss.
- Mucus or blood in stool.
- Upset stomach.
Rarely, IBD may also
cause:
- Fatigue.
- Fever.
- Itchy, red, painful eyes.
- Joint pain.
- Nausea and vomiting.
- Skin rashes and sores (ulcers).
- Vision problems.
What are the complications of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)?
People with IBD have a
higher risk of developing colon (colorectal) cancer. Other potential
complications include:
- Anal fistula (tunnel that
forms under the skin connecting an infected anal gland and the anus).
- Anal stenosis or stricture
(narrowing of the anal canal where stool leaves the body).
- Anemia (low levels of red
blood cells) or blood clots.
- Kidney stones.
- Liver disease, such
as cirrhosis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (bile duct
inflammation).
- Malabsorption and malnutrition
(inability to get enough nutrients through the small intestine).
- Osteoporosis.
- Perforated bowel (hole or tear
in the large intestine).
- Toxic megacolon (severe
intestinal swelling).
How is IBD diagnosed?
Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis cause similar symptoms.
No single test can diagnose either condition.
To
make a diagnosis, your healthcare provider will ask about your symptoms. Your
workup may start with a complete blood count (CBC) and stool test to
look for signs of intestinal inflammation.
You
may also get one or more of these diagnostic tests:
- Colonoscopy to examine the large
and small intestines.
- EUS (endoscopic ultrasound) to
check the digestive tract for swelling and ulcers.
- Flexible sigmoidoscopy to
examine the inside of the rectum and anus.
- Imaging
scan,
such as a CT scan or MRI, to check for signs of
inflammation or an abscess.
- Upper endoscopy to examine the
digestive tract from the mouth to the start of the small intestine.
- Capsule endoscopy using a small
camera device that you swallow. The camera captures images as it travels
through the digestive tract.
What are nonsurgical inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)
treatments?
IBD
treatments vary depending on the particular type and symptoms. Medications can
help control inflammation so you don’t have symptoms (remission). Medications
to treat IBD include:
- Aminosalicylates (an anti-inflammatory
medicine like sulfasalazine, mesalamine or balsalazide) minimize
irritation to the intestines.
- Antibiotics treat infections and
abscesses.
- Biologics interrupt signals from the
immune system that cause inflammation.
- Corticosteroids, such as prednisone, keep
the immune system in check and manage flares.
- Immunomodulators calm an overactive immune
system.
You
may also benefit from these over-the-counter IBD treatments:
- Antidiarrheal
medication.
- Nonsteroidal
anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs).
- Vitamins
and supplements like probiotics.
What are surgical treatments for Crohn’s disease?
As
many as 7 in 10 people with Crohn’s disease eventually need surgery when
medications no longer provide symptom relief. During a bowel resection, a
surgeon:
- Removes
the diseased bowel segment.
- Connects
the two ends of the healthy bowel together (anastomosis).
After
surgery, the remaining part of the bowel adapts and functions as it did before.
Approximately 6 in 10 people who undergo surgery for Crohn’s disease will have
a recurrence within 10 years. Another bowel resection may be a good option for
you.
What are surgical treatments for ulcerative colitis?
After
30+ years of living with ulcerative colitis, about 1 in 3 people need surgery.
A
surgeon:
- Removes
the colon (colectomy) or the colon and rectum (proctocolectomy).
- Connects
the small intestine and anus.
- Creates
an ileal pouch that collects stool, which then exits through the
anus.
Rarely,
you may need an ileostomy instead of an ileal pouch. An ileostomy bag attaches
outside of the belly to collect stool.
A proctocolectomy is curative. Symptoms won’t return after surgery to remove the colon and rectum. However, you may have problems with the ileostomy or ileal pouch, such as pouchitis (inflammation and infection).
UPCOMING EVENT DATE
AND PLACE
*
9th Edition of PHC | 19-21 June 2022 | San Francisco, United States
*
10th Edition of PHC | 21-23 August 2022 | Berlin, Germany
*
11th Edition of PHC | 16-18 October 2022 | Paris, France
*
12th Edition of PHC | 12-14 December 2022 | Dubai, United Arab Emirates
*
13th Edition of PHC | 21-24 February 2023 | Amsterdam, Netherlands
* 14th Edition of PHC | 24-26 April 2023 | London, United Kingdom
Note: Early Bird Registration
For more details:
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Thursday, May 26, 2022
Global Awards on Primary Healthcare and Medicare
Tuesday, May 24, 2022
Global Conference on Primary Healthcare and Medicare
Early impact of SARS-CoV-2 on human lungs
Widely studied models of pathogenesis suggest the involvement of various types of cells in the manifestation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-related symptoms. However, the origin and order of molecular signals that target certain cell groups are still unknown.
About the study
In the present study, researchers described an experimental model of COVID-19 infection to explore the early molecular events as well as the pathogenic mechanism of SARS-CoV-2 on a cellular level in the human lung tissue.
The team defined the early steps involved in SARS-CoV-2 infection by obtaining sections of fresh lung tissue from organ donors or surgical resections and subsequently exposing them to SARS-CoV-2. A plaque assay was later performed on the supernatants of the culture. The expression of viral and host genes during COVID-19 infection was further characterized by analyzing the lung tissue using single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). The team also explored the junctional processing and structure of the viral RNA molecules by assessing the scRNA-seq dataset against the SICILIAN framework which identifies RNA sequences that mapped discontinuously in a viral genome.
The lung cell tropism of SARS-CoV-2 was determined by directly comparing the infection of different lung cell types in their natural environment. This was achieved by using the most specific and sensitive markers among the cells present in a healthy human lung to detect the types of cells present in the cultures lung tissue and evaluate their viral RNA levels.
Results
The study results showed that the generation of infectious SARS-CoV-2 virions rose between 24 and 72 hours after culturing the SARS-CoV-2-infected lung tissue. The productive infection was subsequently abated by the pre-activation of the viral stocks achieved by the addition of either ultraviolet light, heat, or remdesivir, which is a ribonucleic acid (RNA)-dependent RNA polymerase inhibitor.
The team noted that the number of viral RNA molecules found on each infected lung cell varied widely as almost 99% of the infected cells contained few or no viral RNA molecules while the rest of the infected cells had 10 to over 100 viral RNA molecules in each cell at 24 hours of culture. At 72 hours of culture, almost 0.01% of the infected cells comprised over 1000 viral RNA molecules per cell, which indicated the steep increase in viral production through this period.
Related Stories
The analysis of the scRNA-seq dataset identified subgenomic junctions among the RNA sequence reads, suggesting the production of canonical SARS-CoV-2 mRNAs in the cultured lung tissues. Furthermore, the team recognized several novel subgenomic junctions that indicated the production of varied non-canonical as well as canonical subgenomic viral RNAs during SARS-CoV-2 infection.
The team also identified a total of 55 different molecular cell types in the human lung distributed across the main tissue compartments. These included 80% of the cell types that defined a healthy human tissue with five additional varieties of lymphocytes such as cytotoxic (CD4+) T lymphocytes, γδ T cells, regulatory T cells, tissue-resident memory CD8+ T cells, and granzyme K (GZMK+) CD8+ T cell. The healthy tissue also comprised culture-induced proliferative forms of signaling alveolar type 2 (AT2-s) cells, natural killer (NK) cells, dendritic cells (DCs), and fibroblasts.
Notably, 10 to 20 viral RNAs were found in almost one-third of the lung cell types of the infected cell cultures. Cells having a higher number of viral RNA molecules were rare and were mainly limited to six types of cells which included AT2 cells, lipofibroblasts, myofibroblasts, NK cells, T cells, and macrophages. The team remarked macrophages accounted for 75% of the infected cells with 50 or more viral unique molecular identifier (UMI) per cell. However, such cells having higher viral levels totaled up to only 0.5% of all macrophages which indicated inefficient viral access.
Furthermore, clustering the genetic expression characteristics of macrophages in the cultured lung tissue displayed the separation of the genetic profiles in three different clusters. Among these, one had higher expressions of genes including functions related to mature alveolar macrophages (AMs), such as major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) genes, and lipid homeostasis. The second cluster included interstitial macrophages (IMs) that expressed low levels of the AM markers while the third cluster included genes expressing nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-KB) signaling and cells similar to IMs.
Overall, the study findings showed that activated interstitial macrophages were the most susceptible target for SARS-CoV-2 infection in the lungs and the prime focus of inflammation. The researchers believe that the present study can be used to further develop therapeutic approaches for lung infections like COVID-19.
*Important notice
bioRxiv publishes preliminary scientific reports that are not peer-reviewed and, therefore, should not be regarded as conclusive, guide clinical practice/health-related behavior, or treated as established information.
Humans have two lungs, a right lung, and a left lung. They are situated within the thoracic cavity of the chest. The right lung is bigger than the left, which shares space in the chest with the heart. The lungs together weigh approximately 1.3 kilograms (2.9 lb), and the right is heavier. #Conference2022 #internationalconference #upcomingevents #Scopus #webofscience #China #medicalconference #onlineconference #journalpublication #healthconference #eventsinchina #inpersonevents #callforsubmissions #Disease #Awards #conference #Nursing #Pencis #Shorts #Healthcare #Research #Doctor #Medicine #Nurse #emergency #psychiatric #nephrologist #anesthesiology #gynecologist #pathologist #gastroenterology #practitioner #nutrition #Primary #Surgical #oncology #Pediatric #physician #surgery #cardiac #covid19 #treatment #diabetic Visit Our Website: https://primarycare.pencis.com/ Visit Our Conference Submission: https://x-i.me/sentheal Visit Our Award Nomination: https://x-i.me/sentawarnomi Contact us :healthcare@pencis.com